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class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-01-18T10:37:07.248Z" title="发表于 2021-01-18 18:37:07">2021-01-18</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2021-02-06T12:38:54.196Z" title="更新于 2021-02-06 20:38:54">2021-02-06</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/">数据库</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/SQLServer/">SQLServer</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.7k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>5分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="SQLServer📦触发器"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="触发器"><a href="#触发器" class="headerlink" title="触发器"></a>触发器</h1><ul>
<li><p>触发器是 <code>一种特殊类型的存储过程</code> ：一般存储过程可直接调用执行；而触发器主要是通过事件(<code>UPDATE 、INSERT 、DELETE</code>) 触发而被 <code>自动 </code>执行 ，<code>不能直接调用执行 ， 也不能接受和传送参数</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>触发器通常基于一个表创建 ， 当 表中数据发生<code>UPDATE 、INSERT 、DELETE </code>变化时， ，SQLServer 就会自动执行触发器所定义的SQL语 语句 ， 从而保证数据的<code> 完整性</code>和<code>正确性</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="tabs" id="cfq"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><button type="button" data-href="#cfq-1">触发器的主要作用</button></li><li class="tab"><button type="button" data-href="#cfq-2">触发器分类</button></li></ul><div class="tab-contents"><div class="tab-item-content active" id="cfq-1"><ul>
<li>用于保证数据的 <code>完整性 </code>和 <code>正确性</code></li>
<li>可以完成用<code> 普通约束</code>( 主键 、 外键 、 检查CHECK 、 默认值 、 空值 、 唯一性 、 标识列等 )难以实现的复杂功能</li>
</ul><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div><div class="tab-item-content" id="cfq-2"><ul>
<li>据 <code>触发动作</code> 分为：<br>  INSERT 触发器、UPDATE 触发器和DELETE 触发器</li>
<li>据<code> 触发时刻</code> 分为：<br>  AFTER( 之后) 触发器和INSTEAD( 替代) 触发器</li>
<li>据 <code>作用对象</code> 分为：<br>  DML 触发器( 作用对象：表/ 视图)和 和DDL  触发器( 作用对象：数据库/ 服务器)</li>
</ul><button type="button" class="tab-to-top" aria-label="scroll to top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></button></div></div></div>

<h1 id="创建DML触发器"><a href="#创建DML触发器" class="headerlink" title="创建DML触发器"></a>创建DML触发器</h1><div class="note success simple"><p>DML 触发器  —– 作用对象：表/ 视图</p>
</div>

<ul>
<li>在数据库中发生 DML( 数据操作语言) 事件 时将自动执行。</li>
<li>DML  事件：DML  事件是指对表 表/ 视图 进行数据的 修改的 INSERT 语句、UPDATE 语句或DELETE 语句。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> &lt; 触发器名&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> &lt; 表名 |  视图名&gt; <span class="comment">/* 指定作用对象*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span> | <span class="keyword">AFTER</span> | INSTEAD <span class="keyword">OF</span> <span class="comment">/* 指定触发时刻*/</span></span><br><span class="line">[ <span class="keyword">INSERT</span> ] [ , ] [ <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> ] [ , ] [ <span class="keyword">DELETE</span> ]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 指定激活触发器的动作*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">SQL</span>语句</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>NSERT | UPDATE |DELETE ：用来指明哪种数据操作将激活触发器 。</li>
<li>AFTER ：表示只有在执行了指定的操作(INSERT,DELETE, UPDATE) 之后触发器才被激活执行 。</li>
<li>INSTEAD OF：表示用 触发器的程序代替 原来要的 进行的INSERT 、UPDATE 或 或 DELETE 等语句的操作 。 在数据更改之前激活</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="UPDATE触发器"><a href="#UPDATE触发器" class="headerlink" title="UPDATE触发器"></a>UPDATE触发器</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*为学生表Student 创建一个UPDATE 触发器，该触发器防止用户修改表Student。*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USE</span> EDUC</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> Student_update</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> Student</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">BEGIN</span></span><br><span class="line">	PRINT <span class="string">&#x27;------ 未经许可，不能修改哦！！！------&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">ROLLBACK</span>  <span class="comment">/* 回滚，撤销所作的修改*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">END</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*为学生表Student 创建一个UPDATE 触发器，该触发器防止用户修改表Student 的学号SID。*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USE</span> EDUC</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> Student_update_SID</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> Student</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">IF</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> (<span class="keyword">SID</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">BEGIN</span></span><br><span class="line">		PRINT <span class="string">&#x27;未经许可，不能修改学号！ &#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">ROLLBACK</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">END</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*为学生表Student 创建一个UPDATE 触发器，该触发器防止用户修改或删除表Student*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USE</span> EDUC</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> Student_update_1</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> Student</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span>, <span class="keyword">DELETE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">BEGIN</span></span><br><span class="line">	PRINT <span class="string">&#x27; 未经许可，不能修改或删除！&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">ROLLBACK</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">END</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="DELETE触发器"><a href="#DELETE触发器" class="headerlink" title="DELETE触发器"></a>DELETE触发器</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*为课程表“Course ”创建DELETE 触发器Course_delete,当执行删除时激活,判断删除的课程号是否在选课表SC 中已被人选，已被选的课程不能删除。*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">---替代外键功能</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USE</span> EDUC</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> Course_delete</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> Course</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span> <span class="keyword">DELETE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">IF</span> <span class="keyword">EXISTS</span></span><br><span class="line">		(</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">SELECT</span> *</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">FROM</span> deleted <span class="keyword">JOIN</span> SC <span class="keyword">ON</span> deleted.CID = SC.CID</span><br><span class="line">		)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">BEGIN</span></span><br><span class="line">        PRINT <span class="string">&#x27;--- 在选课表SC 中有该门课程，不能删除!---&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">ROLLBACK</span>  <span class="comment">/* 回滚，撤销所删除的数据行* */</span> /</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">END</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="INSERT触发器"><a href="#INSERT触发器" class="headerlink" title="INSERT触发器"></a>INSERT触发器</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*为选课表SC 创建一个INSERT 触发器，当插入一条新记录时，如果输入的成绩 &gt; 100或  &lt; 0 ，则撤消该插入操作，并给出“成绩错误！”的提示信息。*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 替代了check 约束：[Grade] &gt;=0 AND [Grade] &lt;=100</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USE</span> EDUC</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> SC_insert</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> SC</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span> <span class="keyword">INSERT</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">BEGIN</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">DECLARE</span> @g <span class="built_in">numeric</span>(<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">SELECT</span> @g = inserted.Grade</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">FROM</span> inserted</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">IF</span> @g &gt; <span class="number">100</span> <span class="keyword">OR</span> @g &lt; <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">BEGIN</span></span><br><span class="line">			PRINT <span class="string">&#x27; ---- 成绩错误！----- &#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">ROLLBACK</span></span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">END</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">ELSE</span></span><br><span class="line">		PRINT <span class="string">&#x27;该记录已被接受！&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">END</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="INSTEAD-OF触发器"><a href="#INSTEAD-OF触发器" class="headerlink" title="INSTEAD OF触发器"></a>INSTEAD OF触发器</h2><ul>
<li>AFTER 触发器是在触发语句执行后触发的，与AFTER触发器不同的是，INSTEAD OF 触发器触发时<code> 只执行触发器内部的SQL 语句</code> ，而 <code>不执行引起该触发器执行的SQL 语句</code> 。即，用“ “<code>Instead of  触发器</code>” 的执行来 替代 “<code>触发语句</code>” 的操作</li>
<li>一个表或视图中只能有一个INSTEAD OF 触发器。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*创建表table1 ，值包含一列a ，在表中创建INSTEAD OF INSERT 触发器，当向表中插入记录时显示相应消息。*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USE</span> EDUC</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> table1 ( a <span class="built_in">int</span> )</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> table1_insert</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> table1</span><br><span class="line">INSTEAD <span class="keyword">OF</span> <span class="keyword">INSERT</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line">	PRINT <span class="string">&#x27;---Instead of trigger is working !---&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="创建DDL触发器"><a href="#创建DDL触发器" class="headerlink" title="创建DDL触发器"></a>创建DDL触发器</h1><div class="note success simple"><p>DDL  触发器  —– 作用对象：数据库/ 服务器</p>
</div>

<ul>
<li>当 服务器或数据库生 中发生DDL（ 数据定义语言 ） 事件 时将自动执行这些触发器 。</li>
<li>DDL  事 件 主 要 是 以 CREATE 、ALTER 和 和DROP 开头的语句</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> &lt; 触发器名&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">ALL</span> <span class="keyword">SERVER</span> | <span class="keyword">DATABASE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span>|<span class="keyword">AFTER</span> &lt; 事件类型或事件组&gt;[,…,n]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line">	&lt;T-<span class="keyword">SQL</span>语句或语句块&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*设计DDL 触发器来防止数据库中的任一表被修改或删除。*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> safe_database</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">DATABASE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span> ALTER_TABLE, DROP_TABLE</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">BEGIN</span></span><br><span class="line">	PRINT <span class="string">&#x27;------ 不能修改或删除表！如果必须要完成此</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">操作，请先禁用触发器safe_database ！------&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">ROLLBACK</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">END</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GO</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">若执行SQL 语句修改表：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">ALTER TABLE Student</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	ADD Address varchar(50) NULL</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">或，执行SQL 语句删除表：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">DROP TABLE SC</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">都会触发警告</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">*/</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*创建服务器作用域的DDL 触发器，当删除一个数据库时，提示禁止该操作并回滚删除数据库的操作。*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> safety_server</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">ALL</span> <span class="keyword">SERVER</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AFTER</span> DROP_DATABASE</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line">	PRINT <span class="string">&#x27;--- 不能删除该数据库！---&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">ROLLBACK</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="管理触发器"><a href="#管理触发器" class="headerlink" title="管理触发器"></a>管理触发器</h1><h2 id="查看触发器"><a href="#查看触发器" class="headerlink" title="查看触发器"></a>查看触发器</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sp_helptext &#x27;触发器名称&#x27; <span class="comment">-- 显示触发器的源代码</span></span><br><span class="line">sp_help &#x27;触发器名称&#x27;  <span class="comment">--显示触发器的一般信息( 名称、所有者、类型和创建时间)</span></span><br><span class="line">sp_depends &#x27;触发器名称&#x27; <span class="comment">--显示该触发器所引用的表</span></span><br><span class="line">sp_depends &#x27;表名&#x27;    <span class="comment">--显示指定的表所涉及到的所有触发器</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*查询数据库EDUC 的触发器“Course_delete ”的一般信息 （名称、所有者、类型和创建时间） */</span></span><br><span class="line">sp_help Course_delete</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*查询数据库EDUC 的触发器“Course_delete ”的依赖关系 （显示该触发器所引用的表） 。*/</span></span><br><span class="line">sp_depends Course_delete</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="修改触发器"><a href="#修改触发器" class="headerlink" title="修改触发器"></a>修改触发器</h2><ul>
<li><p>修改DML 触发器的语法格式</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> &lt; 触发器名&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> &lt; 表名| 视图名&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span> [<span class="keyword">AFTER</span> | INSTEAD <span class="keyword">OF</span> ]</span><br><span class="line">&#123; [ <span class="keyword">DELETE</span> ] [ , ] [ <span class="keyword">INSERT</span> ] [ , ] [ <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> ] &#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line">	&lt;T-<span class="keyword">SQL</span>语句或语句块&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改DDL触发器的语法格式 触发器的语法格式</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> &lt; 触发器名&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">ALL</span> <span class="keyword">SERVER</span> | <span class="keyword">DATABASE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FOR</span>|<span class="keyword">AFTER</span> &lt; 事件类型或事件组&gt;[,…,n]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">AS</span></span><br><span class="line">	&lt;T-<span class="keyword">SQL</span>语句或语句块&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="删除触发器"><a href="#删除触发器" class="headerlink" title="删除触发器"></a>删除触发器</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">DROP</span> <span class="keyword">TRIGGER</span> 触发器</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="禁用与启用触发器"><a href="#禁用与启用触发器" class="headerlink" title="禁用与启用触发器"></a>禁用与启用触发器</h2></li>
<li><p>当暂时不需要某个触发器时，可将其禁用。禁用触发器的语法格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">DISABLE TRIGGER &lt; 触发器名&gt;</span><br><span class="line">ON 对象名|DATABASE|ALL SERVER</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">-- 例如</span></span><br><span class="line">DISABLE TRIGGER Course_delete</span><br><span class="line">ON Course</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>已禁用的触发器可以被重新启用。启用触发器 的语法格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ENABLE TRIGGER &lt; 触发器名&gt;</span><br><span class="line">ON 对象名|DATABASE|ALL SERVER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
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class="toc-text">触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BADML%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建DML触发器</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#UPDATE%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">UPDATE触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#DELETE%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">DELETE触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#INSERT%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">INSERT触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#INSTEAD-OF%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">INSTEAD OF触发器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BADDL%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建DDL触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">管理触发器</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">查看触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">修改触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">删除触发器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a 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    getScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js').then(() => {
      window.mermaidJsLoad = true
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}</script><script>(()=>{
  const $countDom = document.getElementById('twikoo-count')
  const init = () => {
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      el: '#twikoo-wrap',
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  const getCount = () => {
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  const loadTwikoo = (bool = false) => {
    if (typeof twikoo === 'object') {
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      bool && $countDom && setTimeout(getCount,0)
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      getScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/twikoo@1.3.0/dist/twikoo.all.min.js').then(()=> {
        init()
        bool && $countDom && setTimeout(getCount,0)
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  }

  if ('Twikoo' === 'Twikoo' || !true) {
    if (true) btf.loadComment(document.getElementById('twikoo-wrap'), loadTwikoo)
    else loadTwikoo(true)
  } else {
    window.loadOtherComment = () => {
      loadTwikoo()
    }
  }
})()</script></div><script defer src="//lib.baomitu.com/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script><script defer src="https://myhkw.cn/api/player/160561664166" id="myhk" key="160561664166" m="1"></script><div><canvas id="snow" style="position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:99999;pointer-events:none"></canvas></div><script>const notMobile = (!(navigator.userAgent.match(/(phone|pad|pod|iPhone|iPod|ios|iPad|Android|Mobile|BlackBerry|IEMobile|MQQBrowser|JUC|Fennec|wOSBrowser|BrowserNG|WebOS|Symbian|Windows Phone)/i)));</script><scrip async type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Candinya/Kratos-Rebirth@latest/source/js/snow.min.js"></scrip><scrip defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/hexo-theme-volantis@latest/source/js/issues.min.js"></scrip><script async data-pjax src="//busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js"></script><script>var gitcalendar = new Vue({
  el: '#gitcalendar',
  data: {
    simplemode: true, 
    user: 'xiaoliblog',
    fixed: 'fixed',
    px: 'px',
    x: '',
    y: '',
    span1: '',
    span2: '',
    month: ['一月', '二月', '三月', '四月', '五月', '六月', '七月', '八月', '九月', '十月', '十一月', '十二月'],
    monthchange: [],
    oneyearbeforeday: '',
    thisday: '',
    amonthago: '',
    aweekago: '',
    weekdatacore: 0,
    datacore: 0,
    total: 0,
    datadate: '',
    data: [],
    positionplusdata: [],
    firstweek: [],
    lastweek: [],
    beforeweek: [],
    thisweekdatacore: 0,
    mounthbeforeday: 0,
    mounthfirstindex: 0,
    crispedges: 'crispedges',
    thisdayindex: 0,
    amonthagoindex: 0,
    amonthagoweek: [],
    firstdate: [],
    first2date: [],
    montharrbefore: [],
    monthindex: 0,
    color: ['#ebedf0', '#f1f8ff', '#dbedff', '#c8e1ff', '#79b8ff', '#2188ff', '#0366d6', '#005cc5', '#044289', '#032f62', '#05264c']
  },
  methods: {
    selectStyle(data, event) {
      document.querySelector('.angle-wrapper').style.display = 'block'
      this.span1 = data.date;
      this.span2 = data.count;
      this.x = event.clientX - 100;
      this.y = event.clientY - 60
    },
    outStyle() {
      document.querySelector('.angle-wrapper').style.display = 'none'
    },
    thiscolor(x) {
      if (x === 0) {
        let i = parseInt(x / 2);
        return this.color[0]
      } else if (x < 2) {
        return this.color[1]
      } else if (x < 20) {
        let i = parseInt(x / 2);
        return this.color[i]
      } else {
        return this.color[9]
      }
    },
  }
});
var apiurl = 'python-github-calendar-api-ruby.vercel.app' ? 'https://python-github-calendar-api-ruby.vercel.app/api?' : 'https://githubapi.ryanchristian.dev/user/'
var githubapiurl = apiurl + gitcalendar.user;
//canvas绘图
function responsiveChart() {
  let c = document.getElementById("gitcanvas");
  if (c) {
    let cmessage = document.getElementById("gitmessage");
    let ctx = c.getContext("2d");
    c.width = document.getElementById("gitcalendarcanvasbox").offsetWidth;
    let linemaxwitdh = 0.96 * c.width / gitcalendar.data.length;
    c.height = 9 * linemaxwitdh;
    let lineminwitdh = 0.8 * linemaxwitdh;
    let setposition = {
      x: 0.02 * c.width,
      y: 0.025 * c.width
    };
    for (let week in gitcalendar.data) {
      weekdata = gitcalendar.data[week];
      for (let day in weekdata) {
        let dataitem = {
          date: "",
          count: "",
          x: 0,
          y: 0
        };
        gitcalendar.positionplusdata.push(dataitem);
        ctx.fillStyle = gitcalendar.thiscolor(weekdata[day].count);
        setposition.y = Math.round(setposition.y * 100) / 100;
        dataitem.date = weekdata[day].date;
        dataitem.count = weekdata[day].count;
        dataitem.x = setposition.x;
        dataitem.y = setposition.y;
        ctx.fillRect(setposition.x, setposition.y, lineminwitdh, lineminwitdh);
        setposition.y = setposition.y + linemaxwitdh
      };
      setposition.y = 0.025 * c.width;
      setposition.x = setposition.x + linemaxwitdh
    };
    ctx.font = "600  Arial";
    ctx.fillStyle = '#aaa';
    ctx.fillText("日", 0, 1.9 * linemaxwitdh);
    ctx.fillText("二", 0, 3.9 * linemaxwitdh);
    ctx.fillText("四", 0, 5.9 * linemaxwitdh);
    ctx.fillText("六", 0, 7.9 * linemaxwitdh);
    let monthindexlist = c.width / 24;
    for (let index in gitcalendar.monthchange) {
      ctx.fillText(gitcalendar.monthchange[index], monthindexlist, 0.7 * linemaxwitdh);
      monthindexlist = monthindexlist + c.width / 12
    };
    cmessage.onmousemove = function(event) {
      document.querySelector('.angle-wrapper').style.display = 'none'
    };
    c.onmousemove = function(event) {
      document.querySelector('.angle-wrapper').style.display = 'none'
      getMousePos(c, event);
    };

    function getMousePos(canvas, event) {
      var rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
      var x = event.clientX - rect.left * (canvas.width / rect.width);
      var y = event.clientY - rect.top * (canvas.height / rect.height);
      //console.log("x:"+x+",y:"+y);
      for (let item of gitcalendar.positionplusdata) {
        let lenthx = x - item.x;
        let lenthy = y - item.y;
        //console.log(lenthx,lenthy);
        if (0 < lenthx && lenthx < lineminwitdh) {
          if (0 < lenthy && lenthy < lineminwitdh) {
            //console.log(item.date,item.count)
            document.querySelector('.angle-wrapper').style.display = 'block'
            gitcalendar.span1 = item.date;
            gitcalendar.span2 = item.count;
            gitcalendar.x = event.clientX - 100;
            gitcalendar.y = event.clientY - 60
          }
        }
        //if(0< x - item.x <lineminwitdh&&0< y - item.y <lineminwitdh){
        //console.log(item.count,item.date);
        //}
      }
    }
  }
}
//数据统计算法
function addlastmonth() {
  if (gitcalendar.thisdayindex === 0) {
    thisweekcore(52);
    thisweekcore(51);
    thisweekcore(50);
    thisweekcore(49);
    thisweekcore(48);
    gitcalendar.thisweekdatacore += gitcalendar.firstdate[6].count;
    gitcalendar.amonthago = gitcalendar.firstdate[6].date
  } else {
    thisweekcore(52);
    thisweekcore(51);
    thisweekcore(50);
    thisweekcore(49);
    thisweek2core();
    gitcalendar.amonthago = gitcalendar.first2date[gitcalendar.thisdayindex - 1].date
  }
};

function thisweek2core() {
  for (let i = gitcalendar.thisdayindex - 1; i < gitcalendar.first2date.length; i++) {
    gitcalendar.thisweekdatacore += gitcalendar.first2date[i].count
  }
};

function thisweekcore(index) {
  for (let item of gitcalendar.data[index]) {
    gitcalendar.thisweekdatacore += item.count
  }
};

function addlastweek() {
  for (let item of gitcalendar.lastweek) {
    gitcalendar.weekdatacore += item.count
  }
};

function addbeforeweek() {
  for (let i = gitcalendar.thisdayindex; i < gitcalendar.beforeweek.length; i++) {
    gitcalendar.weekdatacore += gitcalendar.beforeweek[i].count
  }
};

function addweek(data) {
  if (gitcalendar.thisdayindex === 6) {
    gitcalendar.aweekago = gitcalendar.lastweek[0].date;
    addlastweek()
  } else {
    lastweek = data.contributions[51];
    gitcalendar.aweekago = lastweek[gitcalendar.thisdayindex + 1].date;
    addlastweek();
    addbeforeweek()
  }
}

fetch(githubapiurl)
  .then(data => data.json())
  .then(data => {
    gitcalendar.data = data.contributions;
    gitcalendar.total = data.total;
    gitcalendar.first2date = gitcalendar.data[48];
    gitcalendar.firstdate = gitcalendar.data[47];
    gitcalendar.firstweek = data.contributions[0];
    gitcalendar.lastweek = data.contributions[52];
    gitcalendar.beforeweek = data.contributions[51];
    gitcalendar.thisdayindex = gitcalendar.lastweek.length - 1;
    gitcalendar.thisday = gitcalendar.lastweek[gitcalendar.thisdayindex].date;
    gitcalendar.oneyearbeforeday = gitcalendar.firstweek[0].date;
    gitcalendar.monthindex = gitcalendar.thisday.substring(5, 7) * 1;
    gitcalendar.montharrbefore = gitcalendar.month.splice(gitcalendar.monthindex, 12 - gitcalendar.monthindex);
    gitcalendar.monthchange = gitcalendar.montharrbefore.concat(gitcalendar.month);
    addweek(data);
    addlastmonth();
    responsiveChart();
  })
  .catch(function(error) {
    console.log(error);
  });

//手机版更换为svg绘制
if (document.getElementById("gitcalendarcanvasbox").offsetWidth < 500) {
  gitcalendar.simplemode = false
}

//当改变窗口大小时重新绘制canvas
window.onresize = function() {
  if (gitcalendar.simplemode) responsiveChart()
}

//解决滚动滑轮时出现的标签显示
window.onscroll = function() {
  if (document.querySelector('.angle-wrapper')) {
    document.querySelector('.angle-wrapper').style.display = 'none'
  }
};</script></div><script src="/live2dw/lib/L2Dwidget.min.js?094cbace49a39548bed64abff5988b05"></script><script>L2Dwidget.init({"pluginRootPath":"live2dw/","pluginJsPath":"lib/","pluginModelPath":"assets/","tagMode":false,"log":false,"model":{"jsonPath":"/live2dw/assets/hijiki.model.json"},"display":{"position":"right","width":150,"height":300},"mobile":{"show":true},"react":{"opacity":0.7}});</script></body></html>